Yes, but I was comparing Kamsky to other Americans, not people who have lived in the US. Obviously if you’re going to count Capablanca, he is closer to being the World Champion than Kamsky (since he is one)
Maybe so, but they didn’t play. Now if Fine had actually played in the 1948 tournament or Kashdan had actually played a world championship match w/ Alekhine that would be a different story.
Bryne lost a quarter-final candidates match. Kamsky played a world championship match with Karpov in 1996, or if you don’t want to count that since it wasn’t a unified title, Kamsky played a final Candidates match with Topalov in 2009. Either way, two steps closer than Bryne.
Three instances that I can think of in the last 100 years, but none of them as close as Kamsky was in 2009.
Marshall got 5th place at St. Petersburg, 1914. The winner of the tournament was guaranteed a match with Lasker (although it probably wouldn’t have happened since WWI broke out soon after). However, there was no guarantee of a match for 2nd place if Lasker won (which he did).
Fine tied for 1st in AVRO, 1938. The organizers tried to make it a sort of Candidates tournament, with the winner of the tournament having a guaranteed match with Alekhine, but Alekhine shot that down and announced that he would accept bids from any of the participants of the tournament (and reportedly agreed to a match with Botvinnik, the 3rd place finisher, but match preparations were wrecked with the outbreak of WWII)
Seriawan reached the Candidates stage in 1985 and 1988, but got “only” 10th-12th in 1985 in the tournament and was knocked out in the preliminary (1/8) round in 1989.
He’s got some work to do in the remaining GP Series. Fortunately, the lowest score is dropped when deciding who qualifies for the Candidates so both he and Nakamura are still in this.
You seem to have forgotten that in 1996, Kamsky played a 20-game match against Anatoly Karpov for the FIDE World Chess Championship title at Elista in Kalmykia, losing 7½–10½ (+3=9−6).
Thus Kamsky came closer to being World Champion in 1996 than in 2009.
I will repeat what I stated earlier, since you seem to have forgotten to read all of my earlier posts.
The world championship was a split title in 1996 and a unified title in 2009. Personally I put more credence into Kasparov’s half of the title than Karpov’as (since at that time Kasparov had not yet been defeated in a match) but it can certainly be argued on Karpov’s side as well.